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? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 1 features security ? programmable 28-bit serial number ? programmable 64-bit encryption key ? each transmission is unique ? 66-bit transmission code length ? 32-bit hopping code ? 34-bit fixed code (28-bit serial number, 4-bit button code, 2-bit status) ? encryption keys are read protected operating ? 3.5v-13v operation (2.0v min. using the step up feature) ? three button inputs ? 7 functions available ? selectable baud rate ? automatic code word completion ? battery low signal transmitted to receiver ? non-volatile synchronization data other ? simple programming interface ? on-chip eeprom ? on-chip oscillator and timing components ? button inputs have internal pull-down resistors ? minimum component count ? synchronous transmission mode ? built-in step up regulator typical applications ? the HCS201 is ideal fo r remote keyless entry (rke) applications. these applications include: ? automotive rke systems ? automotive alarm systems ? automotive immobilizers ? gate and garage door openers ? identity tokens ? burglar alarm systems description the HCS201 from microchip technology inc. is a code hopping encoder designed for secure remote keyless entry (rke) systems. t he HCS201 utilizes the k ee l oq ? code hopping technology, incorporating high security, a small package outline and low cost. the HCS201 is a perfect solution for unidirectional remote keyless entry systems and access control systems. package types HCS201 block diagram the HCS201 combines a 32-bit hopping code, generated by a nonlinear encryption algorithm, with a 28-bit serial number and 6 information bits to create a 66-bit code word. the code word length eliminates the threat of code scanning and the code hopping mecha- nism makes each transmission unique, thus rendering code capture and resend schemes useless. 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 s0 s1 s2 v ddb v dd step data v ss pdip, soic HCS201 v ss v dd oscillator reset circuit controller power latching and switching button input port 32-bit shift register encoder eeprom data s 2 s 1 s 0 step up controller v ddb v dd step HCS201 k ee l oq ? code hopping encoder
HCS201 ds41098d-page 2 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. the crypt key, serial number and configuration data are stored in an eeprom array wh ich is not accessible via any external connection. the eeprom data is pro- grammable but read-protected. the data can be veri- fied only after an automatic erase and programming operation. this protects against attempts to gain access to keys or manipulate synchronization values. the HCS201 provides an easy-to-use serial interface for programming the necessary keys, system parame- ters and configuration data. 1.0 system overview key terms the following is a list of key terms used throughout this data sheet. for additional information on k ee l oq and code hopping, refer to technical brief 3 (tb003). ? rke - remote keyless entry ? button status - indicates what button input(s) activated the transmission. encompasses the 4 button status bits s3, s2, s1 and s0 (figure 4-2). ? code hopping - a method by which a code, viewed externally to the system, appears to change unpredictably each time it is transmitted. ? code word - a block of data that is repeatedly transmitted upon button activation (figure 4-1). ? transmission - a data stream consisting of repeating code words (figure 9-1). ? crypt key - a unique and secret 64-bit number used to encrypt and decrypt data. in a symmetri- cal block cipher such as the k ee l oq algorithm, the encryption and decryption keys are equal and will therefore be referred to generally as the crypt key. ? encoder - a device that generates and encodes data. ? encryption algorithm - a recipe whereby data is scrambled using a crypt key. the data can only be interpreted by the respective decryption algorithm using the same crypt key. ? decoder - a device that decodes data received from an encoder. ? decryption algorithm - a recipe whereby data scrambled by an encryption algorithm can be unscrambled using the same crypt key. ? learn ? learning involves the receiver calculating the transmitter?s appropriat e crypt key, decrypting the received hopping code and storing the serial number, synchronization counter value and crypt key in eeprom. the k ee l oq product family facil- itates several learning strategies to be imple- mented on the decoder. the following are examples of what can be done. - simple learning the receiver uses a fixed crypt key, common to all components of all systems by the same manufacturer, to decrypt the received code word?s encrypted portion. - normal learning the receiver uses information transmitted during normal operation to derive the crypt key and decrypt the received code word?s encrypted portion. - secure learn the transmitter is activated through a special button combination to tr ansmit a stored 60-bit seed value used to ge nerate the transmitter?s crypt key. the receiver uses this seed value to derive the same crypt key and decrypt the received code word?s encrypted portion. ? manufacturer?s code ? a unique and secret 64- bit number used to generate unique encoder crypt keys. each encoder is programmed with a crypt key that is a function of the manufacturer?s code. each decoder is programmed with the manufac- turer code itself. the HCS201 code hopping encoder is designed specif- ically for keyless entry systems; primarily vehicles and home garage door openers. the encoder portion of a keyless entry system is integrated into a transmitter, carried by the user and operated to gain access to a vehicle or restricted area. the HCS201 is meant to be a cost-effective yet secure solution to such systems, requiring very few external components (figure 2-1). most low-end keyless entry transmitters are given a fixed identification code that is transmitted every time a button is pushed. the number of unique identification codes in a low-end system is usually a relatively small number. these shortcomin gs provide an opportunity for a sophisticated thief to cr eate a device that ?grabs? a transmission and retransmits it later, or a device that quickly ?scans? all possible identification codes until the correct one is found. the HCS201, on the other hand, employs the k ee l oq code hopping technology coupled with a transmission length of 66 bits to virtually eliminate the use of code ?grabbing? or code ?scanning?. the high security level of the HCS201 is based on the patented k ee l oq technol- ogy. a block cipher based on a block length of 32 bits and a key length of 64 bits is used. the algorithm obscures the information in such a way that even if the transmission information (before coding) differs by only one bit from that of the pr evious transmission, the next
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 3 HCS201 coded transmission will be completely different. statis- tically, if only one bit in the 32-bit string of information changes, greater than 50 perc ent of the coded trans- mission bits will change. as indicated in the block diagram on page one, the HCS201 has a small eeprom array which must be loaded with several parameters before use; most often programmed by the manufacturer at the time of produc- tion. the most impor tant of these are: ? a 28-bit serial number, typically unique for every encoder ? a crypt key ? an initial 16-bit synchronization value ? a 16-bit configuration value the crypt key generation typically inputs the transmitter serial number and 64-bit manufacturer?s code into the key generation algorithm (figure 1-2). the manufac- turer?s code is chosen by th e system manufacturer and must be carefully controlled as it is a pivotal part of the overall system security. figure 1-1: creation and storage of crypt key during production the 16-bit synchronization c ounter is the basis behind the transmitted code word changing for each transmis- sion; it increments each time a button is pressed. due to the code hopping algorithm?s complexity, each incre- ment of the synchronization value results in greater than 50% of the bits changing in the transmitted code word. figure 1-2 shows how the key values in eeprom are used in the encoder. once the encoder detects a button press, it reads the button inputs and updates the syn- chronization counter. the synchronization counter and crypt key are input to the encryption algorithm and the output is 32 bits of encrypt ed information. this data will change with every button press, its value appearing externally to ?randomly hop around?, hence it is referred to as the hopping portion of the code word. the 32-bit hopping code is combined with the button information and serial number to form the code word transmitted to the receiver. the code word format is explained in greater detail in section 4.0. a receiver may use any type of controller as a decoder, but it is typically a microcontroller with compatible firm- ware that allows the decoder to operate in conjunction with an HCS201 based transmitter. section 7.0 provides detail on integr ating the HCS201 into a sys- tem. a transmitter must first be ?learned? by the receiver before its use is allow ed in the system. learning includes calculating the transmitter?s appropriate crypt key, decrypting the received hopping code and storing the serial number, synchronization counter value and crypt key in eeprom. in normal operation, each received message of valid format is evaluated. the serial number is used to deter- mine if it is from a learned transmitter. if from a learned transmitter, the message is decrypted and the synchro- nization counter is verified. finally, the button status is checked to see what operation is requested. figure 1-3 shows the relationship between some of the values stored by the receiver and the values received from the transmitter. transmitter manufacturer?s serial number code crypt key key generation algorithm serial number crypt key sync counter . . . HCS201 production programmer eeprom array
HCS201 ds41098d-page 4 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. figure 1-2: building the transmitted code word (encoder) figure 1-3: basic operation of receiver (decoder) note: circled numbers indicate the order of execution. button press information eeprom array 32 bits encrypted data serial number transmitted information crypt key sync counter serial number k ee l oq ? encryption algorithm button press information eeprom array manufacturer code 32 bits of encrypted data serial number received information decrypted synchronization counter check for match sync counter serial number k ee l oq ? decryption algorithm 1 3 4 check for match 2 perform function indicated by button press 5 crypt key
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 5 HCS201 2.0 encoder operation as shown in the typical application circuits (figure 2-1), the HCS201 is a simple device to use. it requires only the addition of buttons and rf circuitry for use as the transmitter in your security application. a description of each pin is given in table 2-1. figure 2-1: typical circuits table 2-1: pin descriptions the HCS201 will wake-up upon detecting a button press and delay approximately 10 ms for button debounce (figure 2-2). the synchronization counter, discrimination value and button information will be encrypted to form the hopping code. the hopping code portion will change every tr ansmission, even if the same button is pushed again. a code word that has been transmitted will not repeat for more than 64k transmissions. this provides more than 18 years of use before a code is repeated; based on 10 operations per day. overflow information sent from the encoder can be used to extend the number of unique transmissions to more than 192k. if in the transmit process it is detected that a new but- ton(s) has been pressed, a reset will immediately occur and the current code word will not be completed. please note that buttons removed will not have any effect on the code word unless no buttons remain pressed; in which case the code word will be completed and the power-down will occur. v dd b0 tx out s0 s1 s2 v ddb step v dd data v ss two button remote control b1 tx out s0 s1 s2 step v dd data v ss four button remote control b3 b2 b1 b0 note: up to 7 functions can be implemented by pressing more than one button simultaneously or by using a suitable diode array. s0 s1 s2 step v dd data v ss v ddb v ddb v dd tx out three button remote control with step up regulator v dd 2.0-6.0v external components sample values: r = 5.1 k l = 390 uh q = 2n3904 c = 1.0 uf d = zhcs400ct (40v 0.4a zetex) (see section 5.6 for a description of the step up circuit) r l d c q pin name pin number pin description s0 1 switch input 0 s1 2 switch input 1 s2 3 switch input 2 / clock pin for programming mode v ddb 4 battery input pin, supplies power to the step up control circuitry v ss 5 ground reference connection data 6 pulse width modulation (pwm) output pin / data pin for programming mode step 7 step up regulator switch control v dd 8 positive supply voltage
HCS201 ds41098d-page 6 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. figure 2-2: encoder operation 3.0 eeprom memory organization the HCS201 contains 192 bits (12 x 16-bit words) of eeprom memory (table 3-1). this eeprom array is used to store the encryption key information, synchro- nization value, etc. further descriptions of the memory array is given in the following sections. table 3-1: eeprom memory map 3.1 key_0 - key_3 (64-bit crypt key) the 64-bit crypt key is used to create the encrypted message transmitted to the receiver. this key is calcu- lated and programmed during production using a key generation algorithm. the key generation algorithm may be different from the k ee l oq algorithm. inputs to the key generation algorithm are typically the transmit- ter?s serial number and the 64-bit manufacturer?s code. while the key generation algorithm supplied from microchip is the typical method used, a user may elect to create their own method of key generation. this may be done providing that the decoder is programmed with the same means of creating the key for decryption purposes. 3.2 sync (synchronization counter) this is the 16-bit synchronization value that is used to create the hopping code for transmission. this value will increment after every transmission. power-up reset and debounce delay (10 ms) sample inputs update sync info encrypt with load transmit register buttons added ? all buttons released ? (a button has been pressed) transmit stop no yes no yes crypt key complete code word transmission word address mnemonic description 0 key_0 64-bit encryption key (word 0) 1 key_1 64-bit encryption key (word 1) 2 key_2 64-bit encryption key (word 2) 3 key_3 64-bit encryption key (word 3) 4 sync 16-bit synchronization value 5 reserved set to 0000h 6 ser_0 device serial number (word 0) 7 ser_1 device serial number (word 1) 8 seed_0 seed value (word 0) 9 seed_1 seed value (word 1) 10 disc discrimination word 11 config config word
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 7 HCS201 3.3 reserved must be initialized to 0000h. 3.4 ser_0, ser_1 (encoder serial number) ser_0 and ser_1 are the lower and upper words of the device serial number, respectively. although there are 32 bits allocated for the serial number, only the lower order 28 bits are transmitted. the serial number is meant to be unique for every transmitter. 3.5 seed_0, seed_1 (seed word) the 2-word (32-bit) seed code will be transmitted when all three buttons are presse d at the same time (see figure 4-2). this allows th e system designer to imple- ment the secure learn feat ure or use this fixed code word as part of a differen t key generation/tracking pro- cess. table 3-2: discrimination word 3.6 disc (discrimination word) the discrimination value aids the post-decryption check on the decoder end. it may be any value, but in a typical system it will be programmed as the 12 least significant bits of the serial number. values other than this must be separately stored by the receiver when a transmitter is learned. the discrimination bits are part of the information that form the encrypted portion of the transmission (figure 4-2). after the receiver has decrypted a transmission, the discrimination bits are checked against the receiver?s stored value to verify that the decryption process was valid. if the discrimi- nation value was programmed as the 12 lsb?s of the serial number then it may merely be compared to the respective bits of the received serial number; saving eeprom space. 3.7 config (configuration word) the configuration word is a 16-bit word stored in eeprom array that is used by the device to store infor- mation used during the encryption process, as well as the status of option confi gurations. further explana- tions of each of the bits are described in the following sections. table 3-3: configuration word 3.7.1 oscillator tuning bits (osc0 and osc3) these bits are used to tune the frequency of the HCS201 internal clock oscillator to within 10% of its nominal value over temperature and voltage. 3.7.2 low voltage trip point select (v lows ) the low voltage trip point select bit (v lows ) and the s3 setting bit (s3set) are used to determine when to send the v low signal to the receiver. * see also section 3.7.6 bit number bit description 0 discrimination bit 0 1 discrimination bit 1 2 discrimination bit 2 3 discrimination bit 3 4 discrimination bit 4 5 discrimination bit 5 6 discrimination bit 6 7 discrimination bit 7 8 discrimination bit 8 9 discrimination bit 9 10 discrimination bit 10 11 discrimination bit 11 12 not used 13 not used 14 not used 15 not used bit number bit name 0osc0 1osc1 2osc2 3osc3 4v lows 5brs 6mtx4 7 txen 8 s3set 9 xser 10 not used 11 not used 12 not used 13 not used 14 not used 15 not used table 3-4: trip point select v lows s3set* trip point 004.4 014.4 109 116.75
HCS201 ds41098d-page 8 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 3.7.3 baud rate select bits (brs) brs selects the speed of transmission and the code word blanking. table 3-5 shows how the bit is used to select the different baud rates and section 5.5 provides detailed explanation in code word blanking. table 3-5: baudrate select 3.7.4 minimum four transmissions (mtx4) if this bit is cleared, only one code is completed if the HCS201 is activated. if this bi t is set, at least four com- plete code words are transmitted, even if code word blanking is enabled. 3.7.5 transmit pulse enable (txen) if this bit is cleared, no transmission pulse is transmit- ted before a transmission. if the bit is set, a start pulse (1 t e long) is transmitted after button de-bounc- ing, before the preamble of the first code word. 3.7.6 s3 setting (s3set) this bit determines the value of s3 in the function code during a transmission and the high trip point selected by v lows in section 3.6.2. if this bit is cleared, s3 mir- rors s2 during a transmission. if the s3set bit is set, s3 in the function code (b utton status) is always set, independent of the value of s2. 3.7.7 extended serial number (xser) if this bit is set, a long 32-b it serial number is transmit- ted. if this bit is cleared, a standard 28-bit serial number is transmitted followed by 4 bits of the function code (button status). brs basic pulse element code words transmitted 0 400 sall 1 200 s 1 out of 2
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 9 HCS201 4.0 transmitted word 4.1 code word format the HCS201 code word is made up of several parts (figure 4-1). each code word contains a 50% duty cycle preamble, a header, 32 bits of encrypted data and 34 bits of fixed data followed by a guard period before another code word can begin. refer to table 9-4 for code word timing. 4.2 code word organization the HCS201 transmits a 66-bit code word when a button is pressed. the 66-bit word is constructed from a fixed code portion and an encrypted code portion (figure 4-2). the 32 bits of encrypted data are generated from 4 button bits, 12 discrimination bits and the 16-bit sync value. the encrypted portion alone provides up to four billion changing code combinations. the 34 bits of fixed code data are made up of 2 sta- tus bits, 4 button bits and the 28-bit serial number. the fixed and encrypted sections combined increase the number of code combinations to 7.38 x 10 19 . figure 4-1: code word format figure 4-2: code word organization logic ?0? logic ?1? bit period preamble header encrypted portion of transmission fixed portion of transmission guard time t p t h t hop t fix t g t e t e t e 50% duty cycle 1 v low (1 bit) button status s2 s1 s0 s3 serial number (28 bits) button status s2 s1 s0 s3 disc (12 bits) sync counter (16 bits) 1 v low (1 bit) button status 1 1 1 1 serial number (28 bits) seed (32 bits) 34 bits of fixed portion 32 bits of encrypted portion 66 data bits transmitted lsb first. lsb msb msb lsb seed replaces encrypted portion when all button inputs are activated at the same time.
HCS201 ds41098d-page 10 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 4.3 synchronous transmission mode synchronous transmission mode can be used to clock the code word out using an external clock. to enter synchronous transmission mode, the pro- gramming mode start-up sequence must be executed as shown in figure 4-3. if either s1 or s0 is set on the falling edge of s2 (or s3), the device enters synchro- nous transmission mode. in th is mode, it functions as a normal transmitter, with the exception that the timing of the pwm data string is controlled externally and 16 extra bits are transmitted at the end with the code word. the button code will be the s0, s1 value at the falling edge of s2 or s3. the timing of the pwm data string is controlled by supplying a clock on s2 or s3 and should not exceed 20 khz. the code word is the same as in pwm mode with 16 reserved bits at the end of the word. the reserved bits can be ignored. when in syn- chronous transmission mode s2 or s3 should not be toggled until all internal processing has been com- pleted as shown in figure 4-4. figure 4-3: synchronous tran smission mode (txen=0) figure 4-4: code word organization (synchronous transmission mode) ?01,10,11? pwm s2 s[1:0] t ps t ph 1 t ph 2 t = 50ms preamble header data reserved (16 bits) padding (2 bits) button status s2 s1 s0 s3 serial number (28 bits) button status s2 s1 s0 s3 disc (12 bits) sync counter (16 bits) 82 data bits transmitted lsb first. lsb msb fixed portion encrypted portion
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 11 HCS201 5.0 special features 5.1 code word completion the code word completion feature ensures that entire code words are transmitted, even if the button is released before the code word is complete. if the but- ton is held down beyond the time for one code word, multiple code words will result . if another button is acti- vated during a transmission, the active transmission will be aborted and a new transmission will begin using the new button information. 5.2 v low : voltage low indicator the v low bit is transmitted with every transmission (figure 9-4) and will be transmitted as a one if the operating voltage has dropped below the low voltage trip point. the trip point is selectable based on the battery voltage being used. see section 3.7.2 for a description of how the low voltage select option is set. this v low signal is transmitted so the receiver can give an audible signal to the user that th e transmitter battery is low. 5.3 auto-shutoff the auto-shutoff function automatically stops the device from transmitting if a button inadvertently gets pressed for a long period of time. this will prevent the device from draining the battery if a button gets pressed while the transmitter is in a pocket or purse. time-out period is t to . 5.4 seed transmission in order to increase the leve l of security in a system, it is possible for the receiver to implement what is known as a secure learn function. this can be done by utilizing the seed value stored in eeprom, transmitted only when all three button inputs are pressed at the same time (table 5-1). instead of the normal key generation inputs being used to create the crypt key, this seed value is used. table 5-1: pin activation table 5.5 blank alternate code word federal communications commission (fcc) part 15 rules specify the limits on worst case average funda- mental power and harmonics that can be transmitted in a 100 ms window. for fcc approval purposes, it may therefore be advantageous to minimize the transmis- sion duty cycle. this can be achieved by minimizing the duty cycle of the individual bits as well as by blanking out consecutive code words. blank alternate code word (bacw) may be used to reduce the average power of a transmission by transmitting only every sec- ond code word (figure 5-1). this is a selectable feature that is determined in conjunction with the baud rate selection bit bsl0. enabling the bacw option may likewise allow the user to transmit a higher amplitude transmission as the time averaged power is reduced. bacw effectively halves the rf on time for a given transmission so the rf out- put power could theoretically be doubled while main- taining the same time averaged output power. figure 5-1: blank alternate code word (bacw) function s2 s1 s0 standby 0 000 hopping code 1 001 2 010 - -- - 5 101 6 110 seed code 7 111 code word brs = 0 brs = 1 a 2a time code word code word code word amplitude
HCS201 ds41098d-page 12 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 5.6 step up regulator the integrated step up regulator can be used to ensure the power supply voltage to the encoder and the rf circuit (v dd ), is constant independent of what the battery voltage is (v ddb ). input on v dd pin is com- pared to v step , the internal reference voltage. if v dd falls below this voltage the step output is pulsed at f step . this output can be conn ected to an external cir- cuit as illustrated in figu re 5-2, to provide a step up voltage on the device. the step up regulator is inactive when the device is not transmitting. figure 5-2: application circuit figure 5-3: typical loading curves (figure 5-2 circuit) table 5-2: step up circuit characteristics note: power to the step up regulator is taken from the v ddb pin. while v dd is limited to a 3.5v minimum, v ddb minimum can be as low as 2.0v for the step up circuit to start operating. s0 s1 s2 step v dd data v ss v ddb v dd tx out three button remote control with step up regulator 2.0-6.0v external components sample values: r = 5.1 k l = 390 uh q = 2n3904 c = 1.0 uf d = zhcs400ct (40v 0.4a zetex) r l d c q symbol parameters min. typ. max. units conditions f step output frequency 125 200 250 khz v step reference voltage 5.5 6.5 7.5 v v ddb = 3v note: these parameters are char acterized but not tested. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 5 10 15 20 load(ma) vdd(v) vddb=2v vddb=2.5v vddb=3v vddb=3.5v note: these are typical values not tested in production.
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 13 HCS201 6.0 programmi ng the HCS201 when using the HCS201 in a system, the user will have to program some parameters into the device including the serial number and the secret key before it can be used. the programming cycle allows the user to input all 192 bits in a serial data stream, which are then stored internally in eeprom. programming will be initiated by forcing the data line high, after the s2 line has been held high for the appropriate length of time line (table 6-1 and figure 6-1). after the program mode is entered, a delay must be provided to the device for the automatic bulk write cycle to complete. this will write all locations in the eeprom to an all zeros pattern. the device can then be programmed by clocking in 16 bits at a time, using s2 as the clock line and data as the data in line. after each 16-bit word is loaded, a programming delay is required for the internal program cycle to co mplete. this delay can take up to twc. after every 16-bit word is written to the HCS201, the HCS201 will signal that the write is complete by sending out a train of ack pulses, t ackh high, t ackl low (if the oscillator was perfectly tuned) on data. these will continue until s2 is dropped. the first pulse?s width should not be used for calibration. at the end of the programming cycle, the device can be verified (figure 6-2) by reading back the eeprom. reading is done by clocking the s2 line and reading the data bits on data. for security reasons, it is not possible to exe- cute a verify function without first programming the eeprom. a verify operation can only be done once, immediately following the program cycle . figure 6-1: programming waveforms figure 6-2: verify waveforms note: to ensure that the device does not acci- dentally enter programming mode, data should never be pulled high by the circuit connected to it. special care should be taken when driving pnp rf transistors. data enter program mode (data) (clock) note 1: s0 and s1 button inputs to be held to ground during the entire programming sequence. bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 14 bit 15 bit 16 bit 17 t ph 1 t pbw t ps repeat for each word (12 times) t ph 2 t clkh t clkl t wc t ds s2 data for word 1 t dh t clkl initiate data polling here write cycle complete here t ackl t ack h calibration pulses t phold ack ack ack data (clock) (data) note: if a verify operation is to be done, then it must imm ediately follow the program cycle. end of programming cycle beginning of verify cycle bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 15 bit 14 bit 16 bit 17 bit190 bit191 t wc data from word 0 t dv s2 bit 0 bit191 bit190 ack
HCS201 ds41098d-page 14 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. table 6-1: programming/ver ify timing requirements v dd = 5.0v 10%, 25 c 5 c parameter symbol min. max. units program mode setup time t ps 25.0ms hold time 1 t ph 14.0 ? ms hold time 2 t ph 250 ? s bulk write time t pbw 4.0 ? ms program delay time t prog 4.0 ? ms program cycle time t wc 50 ? ms clock low time t clkl 50 ? s clock high time t clkh 50 ? s data setup time t ds 0? s data hold time t dh 18 ? s data out valid time t dv ?30 s hold time t phold 100 ? s acknowledge low time t ackl 800 ? s acknowledge high time t ackh 800 ? s
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 15 HCS201 7.0 integrating the HCS201 into a system use of the HCS201 in a syst em requires a compatible decoder. this decoder is typi cally a microcontroller with compatible firmware. microchip will provide (via a license agreement) firmware routines that accept transmissions from the HCS201 and decrypt the hopping code portion of the data stream. these routines provide system designers the means to develop their own decoding system. 7.1 learning a transmitter to a receiver a transmitter must first be 'learned' by a decoder before its use is allowed in the system. several learning strat- egies are possible, figure 7-1 details a typical learn sequence. core to each, the decoder must minimally store each learned transmitter's serial number and cur- rent synchronization counter value in eeprom. addi- tionally, the decoder typically stores each transmitter's unique crypt key. the maximum number of learned transmitters will therefore be relative to the available eeprom. a transmitter's serial number is transmitted in the clear but the synchronization counter only exists in the code word's encrypted portion. the decoder obtains the counter value by decrypting using the same key used to encrypt the information. the k ee l oq algorithm is a symmetrical block cipher so the encryption and decryp- tion keys are identical and referred to generally as the crypt key. the encoder receives its crypt key during manufacturing. the decoder is programmed with the ability to generate a crypt key as well as all but one required input to the key ge neration routine; typically the transmitter's serial number. figure 7-1 summarizes a typical learn sequence. the decoder receives and authenticates a first transmis- sion; first button press. authentication involves gener- ating the appropriate crypt key, decrypting, validating the correct key usage via the discrimination bits and buffering the counter value. a second transmission is received and authenticated. a final check verifies the counter values were seque ntial; consecutive button presses. if the learn s equence is successfully com- plete, the decoder stores the learned transmitter's serial number, current synch ronization counter value and appropriate crypt key. from now on the crypt key will be retrieved from eeprom during normal opera- tion instead of recalculating it for each transmission received. certain learning strategies have been patented and care must be take n not to infringe. figure 7-1: typical learn sequence enter learn mode wait for reception of a valid code generate key from serial number use generated key to decrypt compare discrimination value with fixed value equal wait for reception of second valid code compare discrimination value with fixed value use generated key to decrypt equal counters encryption key serial number synchronization counter sequential ? ? ? exit learn successful store: learn unsuccessful no no no yes yes yes
HCS201 ds41098d-page 16 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 7.2 decoder operation figure 7-2 summarizes normal decoder operation. the decoder waits until a transmission is received. the received serial number is compared to the eeprom table of learned transmitters to first determine if this transmitter's use is allow ed in the system. if from a learned transmitter, the transmission is decrypted using the stored crypt key and authenticated via the discrimination bits for appropriate crypt key usage. if the decryption was valid the synchronization value is evaluated. figure 7-2: typical decoder operation 7.3 synchronization with decoder (evaluating the counter) the k ee l oq technology patent scope includes a sophisticated synchronization technique that does not require the calculation and storage of future codes. the technique securely blocks invalid transmissions while providing transparent resynchronization to transmitters inadvertently activated aw ay from the receiver. figure 7-3 shows a 3-partition, rotating synchronization window. the size of each window is optional but the technique is fundamental. each time a transmission is authenticated, the intended function is executed and the transmission's synchroni zation counter value is stored in eeprom. from t he currently stored counter value there is an initial "s ingle operation" forward win- dow of 16 codes. if the difference between a received synchronization counter and the last stored counter is within 16, the intended function will be executed on the single button press and the new synchronization coun- ter will be stored. storing the new synchronization counter value effectively rota tes the entire synchroniza- tion window. a "double operation" (resynchronization) window fur- ther exists from the sing le operation window up to 32k codes forward of the currently stored counter value. it is referred to as "double operation" because a trans- mission with synchronization c ounter value in this win- dow will require an additional, sequential counter transmission prior to executing the intended function. upon receiving the sequential transmission the decoder executes the intend ed function and stores the synchronization counter valu e. this resynchronization occurs transparently to the user as it is human nature to press the button a second ti me if the first was unsuc- cessful. the third window is a "blocked window" ranging from the double operation window to the currently stored synchronization counter value. any transmission with synchronization counter value within this window will be ignored. this window excludes previously used, perhaps code-grabbed transmissions from accessing the system. ? transmission received does serial number match ? decrypt transmission is decryption valid ? is counter within 16 ? is counter within 32k ? update counter execute command save counter in temp location start no no no no yes yes yes yes yes no and no note: the synchronization method described in this section is only a typical implementation and because it is usually implemented in firmware, it can be altered to fit the needs of a particular system.
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 17 HCS201 figure 7-3: synchronization window blocked entire window rotates to eliminate use of previously used codes single operation window window (32k codes) (16 codes) double operation (resynchronization) window (32k codes) stored synchronization counter value
HCS201 ds41098d-page 18 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 8.0 development support the pic ? microcontrollers and dspic ? digital signal controllers are supported with a full range of software and hardware development tools: ? integrated development environment -mplab ? ide software ? compilers/assemblers/linkers - mplab c compiler for various device families - hi-tech c for various device families - mpasm tm assembler -mplink tm object linker/ mplib tm object librarian - mplab assembler/link er/librarian for various device families ? simulators - mplab sim software simulator ?emulators - mplab real ice? in-circuit emulator ? in-circuit debuggers - mplab icd 3 - pickit? 3 debug express ? device programmers - pickit? 2 programmer - mplab pm3 device programmer ? low-cost demonstratio n/development boards, evaluation kits, and starter kits 8.1 mplab integrated development environment software the mplab ide software brings an ease of software development previously unseen in the 8/16/32-bit microcontroller market. the mplab ide is a windows ? operating system-based app lication that contains: ? a single graphical interface to all debugging tools - simulator - programmer (sold separately) - in-circuit emulator (sold separately) - in-circuit debugger (sold separately) ? a full-featured editor with color-coded context ? a multiple project manager ? customizable data windows with direct edit of contents ? high-level source code debugging ? mouse over variable inspection ? drag and drop variables from source to watch windows ? extensive on-line help ? integration of select thir d party tools, such as iar c compilers the mplab ide allows you to: ? edit your source files (either c or assembly) ? one-touch compile or assemble, and download to emulator and simulator tools (automatically updates all project information) ? debug using: - source files (c or assembly) - mixed c and assembly - machine code mplab ide supports multiple debugging tools in a single development paradigm, from the cost-effective simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to full-featured emulators. this eliminates the learning curve when upgrading to tools with increased flexibility and power.
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 19 HCS201 8.2 mplab c compilers for various device families the mplab c compiler code development systems are complete ansi c compilers for microchip?s pic18, pic24 and pic32 families of microcontrollers and the dspic30 and dspic33 families of digital signal control- lers. these compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, superior code optimization and ease of use. for easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the mplab ide debugger. 8.3 hi-tech c for various device families the hi-tech c compiler code development systems are complete ansi c comp ilers for microchip?s pic family of microcontrollers and the dspic family of digital signal controllers. these compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, omniscient code generation and ease of use. for easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the mplab ide debugger. the compilers include a macro assembler, linker, pre- processor, and one-step driver, and can run on multiple platforms. 8.4 mpasm assembler the mpasm assembler is a full-featured, universal macro assembler for pic10/12/16/18 mcus. the mpasm assembler generates relocatable object files for the mplink object linker, intel ? standard hex files, map files to detail memory usage and symbol reference, absolute lst files that contain source lines and generated machine code and coff files for debugging. the mpasm assembler features include: ? integration into mplab ide projects ? user-defined macros to streamline assembly code ? conditional assembly for multi-purpose source files ? directives that allow complete control over the assembly process 8.5 mplink object linker/ mplib object librarian the mplink object linker combines relocatable objects created by the mpasm assembler and the mplab c18 c compiler. it can link relocatable objects from precompiled libraries, using directives from a linker script. the mplib object librarian manages the creation and modification of library files of precompiled code. when a routine from a library is called from a source file, only the modules that contain that routine will be linked in with the application. this allows large libraries to be used efficiently in many different applications. the object linker/libra ry features include: ? efficient linking of single libraries instead of many smaller files ? enhanced code maintainability by grouping related modules together ? flexible creation of libraries with easy module listing, replacement, deletion and extraction 8.6 mplab assembler, linker and librarian for various device families mplab assembler produces relocatable machine code from symbolic assembly language for pic24, pic32 and dspic devices. mplab c compiler uses the assembler to produce its object file. the assembler generates relocatable object files that can then be archived or linked with other relocatable object files and archives to create an exec utable file. notable features of the assembler include: ? support for the entire device instruction set ? support for fixed-point and floating-point data ? command line interface ? rich directive set ? flexible macro language ? mplab ide compatibility
HCS201 ds41098d-page 20 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 8.7 mplab sim software simulator the mplab sim software simulator allows code development in a pc-hosted environment by simulat- ing the pic ? mcus and dspic ? dscs on an instruction level. on any give n instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a comprehensive stimulus c ontroller. registers can be logged to files for further run-time analysis. the trace buffer and logic analyzer display extend the power of the simulator to record and track program execution, actions on i/o, most peripherals and internal registers. the mplab sim software simulator fully supports symbolic debugging using the mplab c compilers, and the mpasm and mplab assemblers. the soft- ware simulator offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the hardware laboratory envi- ronment, making it an excellent, economical software development tool. 8.8 mplab real ice in-circuit emulator system mplab real ice in-circuit emulator system is microchip?s next generation high-speed emulator for microchip flash dsc and mcu devices. it debugs and programs pic ? flash mcus and dspic ? flash dscs with the easy-to-use, powerful graphical user interface of the mplab integrated devel opment environment (ide), included with each kit. the emulator is connected to the design engineer?s pc using a high-speed usb 2.0 interface and is connected to the target with either a connector compatible with in- circuit debugger systems (rj11) or with the new high- speed, noise tolerant, low-voltage differential signal (lvds) interconnection (cat5). the emulator is field upgradable through future firmware downloads in mplab ide. in upcoming releases of mplab ide, new devices will be supported, and new features will be added. mplab real ice offers significant advantages over competitive emulators including low-cost, full-sp eed emulation, run-time variable watches, trace analysis, complex breakpoints, a ruggedized probe interface and long (up to three meters) interconnection cables. 8.9 mplab icd 3 in-circuit debugger system mplab icd 3 in-circuit debugger system is micro- chip's most cost effective high-speed hardware debugger/programmer for microchip flash digital sig- nal controller (dsc) and microcontroller (mcu) devices. it debugs and programs pic ? flash microcon- trollers and dspic ? dscs with the powerful, yet easy- to-use graphical user interface of mplab integrated development environment (ide). the mplab icd 3 in-circuit debugger probe is con- nected to the design engineer's pc using a high-speed usb 2.0 interface and is connected to the target with a connector compatible with the mplab icd 2 or mplab real ice systems (rj-11). mplab icd 3 supports all mplab icd 2 headers. 8.10 pickit 3 in-circuit debugger/ programmer and pickit 3 debug express the mplab pickit 3 allows debugging and program- ming of pic ? and dspic ? flash microcontrollers at a most affordable price point using the powerful graphical user interface of the mp lab integrated development environment (ide). the mplab pickit 3 is connected to the design engineer's pc using a full speed usb interface and can be connec ted to the target via an microchip debug (rj-11) connector (compatible with mplab icd 3 and mplab real ice). the connector uses two device i/o pins and the reset line to imple- ment in-circuit debugging and in-circuit serial pro- gramming?. the pickit 3 debug express include the pickit 3, demo board and microcontroller, hookup cables and cdrom with user?s guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and mplab ide software.
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 21 HCS201 8.11 pickit 2 development programmer/debugger and pickit 2 debug express the pickit? 2 development programmer/debugger is a low-cost development tool with an easy to use inter- face for programming and debugging microchip?s flash families of microcontrollers. the full featured windows ? programming interface supports baseline (pic10f, pic12f5xx, pic16f5xx), midrange (pic12f6xx, pic16f), pi c18f, pic24, dspic30, dspic33, and pic32 families of 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microcontrollers, and many microchip serial eeprom products. with microchip?s powerful mplab integrated development environmen t (ide) the pickit? 2 enables in-circuit debugging on most pic ? microcon- trollers. in-circuit-debugging runs, halts and single steps the program while the pic microcontroller is embedded in the application. when halted at a break- point, the file registers ca n be examined and modified. the pickit 2 debug express include the pickit 2, demo board and microcontroller, hookup cables and cdrom with user?s guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and mplab ide software. 8.12 mplab pm3 device programmer the mplab pm3 device programmer is a universal, ce compliant device programmer with programmable voltage verification at v ddmin and v ddmax for maximum reliability. it features a large lcd display (128 x 64) for menus and error messages and a modu- lar, detachable socket asse mbly to support various package types. the icsp? ca ble assembly is included as a standard item. in stand-alone mode, the mplab pm3 device programmer can read, verify and program pic devices without a pc co nnection. it can also set code protection in this mode. the mplab pm3 connects to the host pc via an rs-232 or usb cable. the mplab pm3 has high-speed communications and optimized algorithms for quick programming of large memory devices and incorporates an mmc card for file storage and data applications. 8.13 demonstration/development boards, evaluation kits, and starter kits a wide variety of demonstr ation, development and evaluation boards for various pic mcus and dspic dscs allows quick application development on fully func- tional systems. most boards include prototyping areas for adding custom circuitry and provide application firmware and source code for examination and modification. the boards support a variety of features, including leds, temperature sensors, sw itches, speakers, rs-232 interfaces, lcd displays, potentiometers and additional eeprom memory. the demonstration and development boards can be used in teaching environments, for prototyping custom circuits and for learning about various microcontroller applications. in addition to the picdem? and dspicdem? demon- stration/development board series of circuits, microchip has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software for analog filter design, k ee l oq ? security ics, can, irda ? , powersmart battery management, seeval ? evaluation system, sigma-delta adc, flow rate sensing, plus many more. also available are starter kits that contain everything needed to experience the specified device. this usually includes a single application and debug capability, all on one board. check the microchip web page (www.microchip.com) for the complete list of demonstration, development and evaluation kits.
HCS201 ds41098d-page 22 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 9.0 electrical characteristics table 9-1: absolute maximum ratings table 9-2: dc characteristics symbol item rating units v dd supply voltage -0.3 to 13.5 v v in input voltage -0.3 to v dd + 0.3 v v out output voltage -0.3 to v dd + 0.3 v i out max output current 50 ma t stg storage temperature -55 to +125 c ( note 1 ) t lsol lead soldering temp 300 c ( note 1 ) note 1: stresses above those listed under ?absolute maxi mum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. commercial (c): tamb = 0 c to +70 c industrial (i): tamb = -40 c to +85 c 3.5v < v dd < 5.0v 5.0v < v dd < 13.0v parameter sym. min. typ. 1 max. min. typ. 1 max. unit conditions operating current (avg) 2 i cc ?0.20.5 ? ? 1.5 ? 2 ma ma standby current i ccs ? 0.1 1.0 ? 0.1 1.0 a auto-shutoff current 3,4 i ccs ? 40 75 ? 160 300 a high level input voltage v ih 0.55v dd ?v dd +0.3 2.75 ? v dd +0.3 v low level input voltage v il -0.3 ? 0.15v dd -0.3 ? 0.75 v high level output voltage v oh 0.6v dd ?? ? 3.3 ??v v i oh = -1.0 ma v dd = 3.5v i oh = -2.0 ma v dd = 12v low level output voltage v ol ? ?0.08v dd ?? ? 0.4 v v i ol = 1.0 ma v dd = 5v i ol = 2.0 ma v dd = 12v pull-down resistance; s0-s2 r so - 2 40 60 80 40 60 80 k v dd = 4.0v pull-down resistance; data r data 80 120 160 80 120 160 k v dd = 4.0v note 1: typical values are at 25 c. 2: no load. 3: auto-shutoff current specification does not include the current through the input pull-down resistors. 4: these values are characterized but not tested.
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 23 HCS201 figure 9-1: power-up and transmit timing table 9-3: power-up and transmit timing (2) figure 9-2: code word format standard operating conditions (unless otherwise specified): commercial(c): tamb = 0c to +70c industrial(i): tamb = -40c to +85c symbol parameter min. typ. max. unit conditions t bp time to second button press 10 + code word 26 + code word ms (note 1) t td transmit delay from button detect 12 26 ms t db debounce delay 6 20 ms t to auto-shutoff time-out period 27 s ts start pulse delay 4.5 ms note 1: t bp is the time in which a second button can be pressed without completion of the first code word (the intention was to press the combination of buttons). 2: typical values - not tested in production. button press sn detect t db output t td multiple code word transmission t to code word 1 code word 2 code word 3 code word n t bp code word 4 data input button t s logic ?0? logic ?1? bit period preamble header encrypted portion of transmission fixed portion of transmission guard time t p t h t hop t fix t g 50% duty cycle t bp t e t e t e
HCS201 ds41098d-page 24 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. figure 9-3: code word form at: preamble/header portion figure 9-4: code word format: data portion (xser=0) table 9-4: code word transmission timing requirements v dd = +3.5 to 6.0v commercial (c): tamb = 0 c to +70 c industrial (i): tamb = -40 c to +85 c code words transmitted all 1 out of 2 symbol characteristic number of t e min. typ. max. min. typ. max. units t e basic pulse element 1 360 400 440 180 200 220 s t bp pwm bit pulse width 3 1.08 1.2 1.32 0.54 0.6 0.66 ms t p preamble duration 23 8.64 9.2 10.56 4.32 4.6 5.28 ms t h header duration 10 3.6 4.0 4.4 1.8 2.0 2.2 ms t hop hopping code duration 96 34.56 38.4 42.24 17.28 19.2 21.12 ms t fix fixed code duration 102 36.72 40.8 44.88 18.36 20.4 22.44 ms t g guard time 39 14.04 15. 6 17.16 7.02 7.8 8.58 ms ? total transmit time 271 97.56 108.4 119.24 48.78 54.2 59.62 ms ? pwm data rate ? 925 833 757 1851 1667 1515 bps note 1: the timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock. 50% duty cycle preamble header p1 p12 23 t e 10 t e data bits bit 0 bit 1 bit 0 bit 1 header bit 30 bit 31 bit 32 bit 33 bit 58 bit 59 fixed portion encrypted portion guard lsb lsb msb msb s3 s0 s1 s2 v low rpt time serial number button code status bit 60 bit 61 bit 62 bit 63 bit 64 bit 65
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 25 HCS201 10.0 packaging information 10.1 package marking information xxxxxxxx xxxxxnnn yyww 8-lead pdip example HCS201 xxxxxnnn 0025 8-lead soic example legend: xx...x customer specific information* yy year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) ww week code (week of january 1 is week ?01?) nnn alphanumeric traceability code note : in the event the full microchi p part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limit ing the number of available characters for customer specific information. * standard otp marking consists of microchip part number, year code, week code, facility code, mask rev#, and assembly code. for otp marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. please check with your microchip sales office. for qtp devices, any special marking adders are included in qtp price. xxxxxxx xxxyyww nnn HCS201 xxx0025 nnn
HCS201 ds41098d-page 26 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 10.2 package details n e1 note 1 d 12 3 a a1 a2 l b1 b e e eb c
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 27 HCS201 note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
HCS201 ds41098d-page 28 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 29 HCS201
HCS201 ds41098d-page 30 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. appendix a: additional information microchip?s secure data products are covered by some or all of the following: code hopping encoder patents issued in european countries and u.s.a. secure learning patents issued in european countries, u.s.a. and r.s.a. revision history revision d (june 2011) ? updated the following sections: development sup- port, the microchip web site and reader response ? added the HCS201 product identification system section ? added new section appendix a ? minor formatting and text changes were incorporated throughout the document
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 31 HCS201 the microchip web site microchip provides online support via our www site at www.microchip.com. this web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. accessible by using your favorite internet browser, the web site contains the following information: ? product support ? data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, user?s guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software ? general technical support ? frequently asked questions (faq), technical support requests, online discussion groups, microchip consultant program member listing ? business of microchip ? product selector and ordering guides, latest microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives customer change notification service microchip?s customer notification service helps keep customers current on microchip products. subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or de velopment tool of interest. to register, access the microchip web site at www.microchip.com. under ?support?, click on ?customer change notification? and follow the registration instructions. customer support users of microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: ? distributor or representative ? local sales office ? field application engineer (fae) ? technical support ? development systems information line customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (fae) for support. local sales offices are also available to help customers. a listing of sa les offices and locations is included in the back of this document. technical support is available through the web site at: http://micro chip.com/support
HCS201 ds41098d-page 32 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. reader response it is our intention to provide you with the best document ation possible to ensure succe ssful use of your microchip product. if you wish to provide your comments on organiz ation, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please fax your comments to the technical publications manager at (480) 792-4150. please list the following information, and use this outli ne to provide us with your comments about this document. to: technical publications manager re: reader response total pages sent ________ from: name company address city / state / zip / country telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ application (optional): would you like a reply? y n device: literature number: questions: fax: (______) _________ - _________ ds41098d HCS201 1. what are the best features of this document? 2. how does this document meet your hardware and software development needs? 3. do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? if not, why? 4. what additions to the document do you th ink would enhance the structure and subject? 5. what deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness? 6. is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)? 7. how would you improve this document?
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 33 HCS201 HCS201 product ident ification system to order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or deli very, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. package: p = plastic dip (300 mil body), 8-lead sn = plastic soic (150 mil body), 8-lead st = tssop (4.4 mm body), 8-lead temperature range: blank = 0c to +70c i = ?40c to +85c device: HCS201 code hopping encoder HCS201t code hopping encoder (tape and reel) HCS201 ? /p
HCS201 ds41098d-page 34 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. notes:
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds41098d-page 35 information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is prov ided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. it is your responsibility to ensure that your application me ets with your specifications. microchip makes no representations or warranties of any kind whether express or implied, written or oral, statutory or otherwise, related to the information, including but not limited to its condition, quality, performance, merchantability or fitness for purpose . microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. use of microchip devices in life support and/or safe ty applications is entirely at the buyer?s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting fr om such use. no licenses are conveyed, implicitly or ot herwise, under any microchip intellectual property rights. trademarks the microchip name and logo, th e microchip logo, dspic, k ee l oq , k ee l oq logo, mplab, pic, picmicro, picstart, pic 32 logo, rfpic and uni/o are registered trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. and other countries. filterlab, hampshire, hi-tech c, linear active thermistor, mxdev, mxlab, seeval and the embedded control solutions company are register ed trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. analog-for-the-digital age, a pplication maestro, codeguard, dspicdem, dspicdem.net, dspicworks, dsspeak, ecan, economonitor, fansense, hi-tide, in-circuit serial programming, icsp, mindi, miwi, mpasm, mplab certified logo, mplib, mplink, mtouch, omniscient code generation, picc, picc-18, picdem, picdem.net, pickit, pictail, real ice, rflab, select mode, total endurance, tsharc, uniwindriver, wiperlock and zena are trademarks of microchip te chnology incorporated in the u.s.a. and other countries. sqtp is a service mark of mi crochip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. all other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. ? 2011, microchip technology incorporated, printed in the u.s.a., all rights reserved. printed on recycled paper. isbn: 978-1-61341-230-5 note the following details of the code protection feature on microchip devices: ? microchip products meet the specification cont ained in their particular microchip data sheet. ? microchip believes that its family of products is one of the mo st secure families of its kind on the market today, when used i n the intended manner and under normal conditions. ? there are dishonest and possibly illegal meth ods used to breach the code protection fe ature. all of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the microchip pr oducts in a manner outside the operating specif ications contained in microchip?s data sheets. most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. ? microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. ? neither microchip nor any other semiconduc tor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as ?unbreakable.? code protection is constantly evolving. we at microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. attempts to break microchip?s c ode protection feature may be a violation of the digital millennium copyright act. if such acts allow unauthorized access to your softwa re or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that act. microchip received iso/ts-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in chandler and tempe, arizona; gresham, oregon and design centers in california and india. the company?s quality system processes and procedures are for its pic ? mcus and dspic ? dscs, k ee l oq ? code hopping devices, serial eeproms, microperi pherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. in addition, microchip?s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is iso 9001:2000 certified.
ds41098d-page 36 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. americas corporate office 2355 west chandler blvd. chandler, az 85224-6199 tel: 480-792-7200 fax: 480-792-7277 technical support: http://www.microchip.com/ support web address: www.microchip.com atlanta duluth, ga tel: 678-957-9614 fax: 678-957-1455 boston westborough, ma tel: 774-760-0087 fax: 774-760-0088 chicago itasca, il tel: 630-285-0071 fax: 630-285-0075 cleveland independence, oh tel: 216-447-0464 fax: 216-447-0643 dallas addison, tx tel: 972-818-7423 fax: 972-818-2924 detroit farmington hills, mi tel: 248-538-2250 fax: 248-538-2260 indianapolis noblesville, in tel: 317-773-8323 fax: 317-773-5453 los angeles mission viejo, ca tel: 949-462-9523 fax: 949-462-9608 santa clara santa clara, ca tel: 408-961-6444 fax: 408-961-6445 toronto mississauga, ontario, canada tel: 905-673-0699 fax: 905-673-6509 asia/pacific asia pacific office suites 3707-14, 37th floor tower 6, the gateway harbour city, kowloon hong kong tel: 852-2401-1200 fax: 852-2401-3431 australia - sydney tel: 61-2-9868-6733 fax: 61-2-9868-6755 china - beijing tel: 86-10-8569-7000 fax: 86-10-8528-2104 china - chengdu tel: 86-28-8665-5511 fax: 86-28-8665-7889 china - chongqing tel: 86-23-8980-9588 fax: 86-23-8980-9500 china - hangzhou tel: 86-571-2819-3180 fax: 86-571-2819-3189 china - hong kong sar tel: 852-2401-1200 fax: 852-2401-3431 china - nanjing tel: 86-25-8473-2460 fax: 86-25-8473-2470 china - qingdao tel: 86-532-8502-7355 fax: 86-532-8502-7205 china - shanghai tel: 86-21-5407-5533 fax: 86-21-5407-5066 china - shenyang tel: 86-24-2334-2829 fax: 86-24-2334-2393 china - shenzhen tel: 86-755-8203-2660 fax: 86-755-8203-1760 china - wuhan tel: 86-27-5980-5300 fax: 86-27-5980-5118 china - xian tel: 86-29-8833-7252 fax: 86-29-8833-7256 china - xiamen tel: 86-592-2388138 fax: 86-592-2388130 china - zhuhai tel: 86-756-3210040 fax: 86-756-3210049 asia/pacific india - bangalore tel: 91-80-3090-4444 fax: 91-80-3090-4123 india - new delhi tel: 91-11-4160-8631 fax: 91-11-4160-8632 india - pune tel: 91-20-2566-1512 fax: 91-20-2566-1513 japan - yokohama tel: 81-45-471- 6166 fax: 81-45-471-6122 korea - daegu tel: 82-53-744-4301 fax: 82-53-744-4302 korea - seoul tel: 82-2-554-7200 fax: 82-2-558-5932 or 82-2-558-5934 malaysia - kuala lumpur tel: 60-3-6201-9857 fax: 60-3-6201-9859 malaysia - penang tel: 60-4-227-8870 fax: 60-4-227-4068 philippines - manila tel: 63-2-634-9065 fax: 63-2-634-9069 singapore tel: 65-6334-8870 fax: 65-6334-8850 taiwan - hsin chu tel: 886-3-6578-300 fax: 886-3-6578-370 taiwan - kaohsiung tel: 886-7-213-7830 fax: 886-7-330-9305 taiwan - taipei tel: 886-2-2500-6610 fax: 886-2-2508-0102 thailand - bangkok tel: 66-2-694-1351 fax: 66-2-694-1350 europe austria - wels tel: 43-7242-2244-39 fax: 43-7242-2244-393 denmark - copenhagen tel: 45-4450-2828 fax: 45-4485-2829 france - paris tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 germany - munich tel: 49-89-627-144-0 fax: 49-89-627-144-44 italy - milan tel: 39-0331-742611 fax: 39-0331-466781 netherlands - drunen tel: 31-416-690399 fax: 31-416-690340 spain - madrid tel: 34-91-708-08-90 fax: 34-91-708-08-91 uk - wokingham tel: 44-118-921-5869 fax: 44-118-921-5820 worldwide sales and service 05/02/11

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